Be Wary of Those Who Ask: A Randomized Experiment on the Size and Determinants of the Enumerator Effect
在乌干达的大规模实验中，随机配对访员与受访者，发现访员效应在多数问题中很小，但对政治偏好问题影响巨大，可解释超过30%的回答变异，并探讨了访员特征如何与受访者特征共同导致该效应。
Abstract During survey data collection, respondents’ answers may be influenced by the behavior and characteristics of the enumerator, the so-called enumerator effect. Using a large-scale experiment in Uganda in which the study randomly pairs enumerators and respondents, the study explores for which types of questions the enumerator effect may exist. It is found that the enumerator effect is minimal in many questions, but is large for political preference questions, for which it can account for over 30 percent of the variation in responses. The study then explores which enumerator characteristics, and which of their combination with respondent characteristics, could account for this effect. Finally, the conclusion provides some practical suggestions on how to minimize enumerator effects, and potential bias, in various types of data collections.