Learning Spillovers in Conditional Welfare Programmes: Evidence from Brazil
研究巴西家庭福利项目Bolsa Familia的执行中，个人因同伴（同学、邻居）受罚而调整自身遵守行为，且惩罚越重反应越大，表明存在通过学习的溢出效应。
Abstract We study spillovers in learning about the enforcement of Bolsa Familia, a programme conditioning benefits on children’s school attendance. Using original administrative data, we find that individuals’ compliance responds to penalties incurred by their classmates and by siblings’ classmates (in other grades/schools). As the severity of penalties increases with repeated noncompliance, the response is larger when peers are punished for ‘higher stages' than the family’s, consistent with learning. Individuals also respond to penalties experienced by neighbours who are exogenously scheduled to receive notices on the same day. Our results point to social multiplier effects of enforcement via learning.