Between spilling over and boiling down: network-mediated spillovers, local knowledge base and productivity in European regions
研究了欧洲区域间贸易、合作专利和地理邻近三种网络如何传导研发知识溢出，发现进口和合作专利直接影响生产率，但创新领先区域的溢出只有通过进口且接收方有扎实知识基础时才有效。
Abstract Productivity across European regions is related to three types of networks that mediate R&D-related knowledge spillovers: trade, co-patenting and geographical proximity. Both our panel and instrumental variable estimations for European regions suggest that network relations are crucial sources of R&D spillovers, but with potentially different features. Both import and co-patenting relations affect local productivity directly, but spillovers from innovation-leading regions are effective only when they are import-mediated and when recipient regions have a solid knowledge base. From a policy perspective, this may frustrate recent European policy initiatives, such as Smart Specialization, which are designed to benefit all regions in Europe.