FOSSIL FUEL SUBSIDIES, INCOME INEQUALITY, AND POVERTY: EVIDENCE FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
综述了发展中国家化石燃料补贴改革对收入不平等和贫困影响的文献，梳理了不同作用渠道及实证证据，并讨论了改革面临的挑战与可行路径。
Abstract The past two decades have witnessed widespread attempts to reform fossil fuel subsidies in developing countries. If the reforms are likely to improve economic efficiency, the expected effects on income distribution and poverty are more controversial. This paper reviews the recent literature that examines the impacts of fossil fuel subsidies and their reforms on income inequality and poverty in developing countries. It identifies the different channels that have been explored in the literature and surveys the empirical evidence on the importance of these channels in practice. Drawing on diverse country experiences, it also discusses why fossil fuel subsidies are particularly challenging to reform and highlights several ways in which efforts to reform may be feasible and successful.