Early Rainfall Shocks and Later-Life Outcomes: Evidence from Colombia
利用哥伦比亚40年间数百个地点的出生队列数据，研究发现胎儿期遭遇异常降雨（干旱或洪水）的人成年后更易患严重精神疾病、受教育年限更短、文盲率更高、就业率更低，且疟疾风险高地区的影响更大。
Abstract This paper uses birth cohorts spanning several hundred locations over 40 years to examine the long-term consequences of in utero exposure to abnormal rainfall events in Colombia. The identification strategy exploits exogenous variation in extreme droughts or floods experienced by individuals while in utero in their birth location. The results indicate that individuals prenatally exposed to adverse rainfall shocks are more likely to report serious mental illness, have fewer years of schooling, display increased rates of illiteracy, and are less likely to work. These results are larger in magnitude for individuals born in areas with a higher risk of malaria, which is consistent with the notion that exposure to infectious and parasitic diseases may play an important role.