The institutional consequences of decoupling exposure
研究了当组织公开违反规范（脱钩）被曝光后，规范是得到强化还是被削弱，并解释了制裁、初始规范有效性、被曝光组织的反应以及旁观者评价如何影响这一过程。
What happens to a norm when it becomes publicly known that organizations are decoupling their activities from it? Since the publication of Meyer and Rowan’s pivotal paper, the institutional consequences of publicly denouncing that organizations engage in decoupling have been examined only tangentially. Our article fills this gap by offering a model that explains the institutional consequences of decoupling exposure. We show how sanctions, initial norm validity, reactions of exposed organizations, and evaluations by field members witnessing the exposure lead to either the reinforcement or the disruption of a norm that is transgressed. We also offer a counter-intuitive explanation as to why decoupling exposure may actually weaken rather than reinforce norms that activists attempt to promote by exposing decoupling.