A Delicate Balance for Innovation: Competition and Collaboration in R&D Consortia
研究研发联盟中成员企业间的竞争与合作关系如何影响创新产出，发现市场竞争对手数量与联合研发产出呈U型关系，并受企业间互动和联盟层面协作的调节。
ABSTRACT This study examines how competitive and cooperative relationships within R&D consortia influence member firms’ innovation output. We propose a U-shaped relationship between the presence of market competitors for a member firm and the firm's joint R&D output with other consortium members, and examine how the relationship is mediated by interactions with other members at the firm level and moderated by collaborative efforts at the consortium level. Using a unique sample of 320 firms from 52 R&D consortia in China, we find support for our predictions. This multi-level study extends our understanding of competition and cooperation in multi-party networks and provides insights for creating a balance between the two forces that is conducive to innovation.