The Wealth Tax of 1942 and the Disappearance of Non-Muslim Enterprises in Turkey
研究了1942年土耳其财富税对企业的异质性影响，发现该税导致更老、生产率更高的非穆斯林企业被清算，并被较弱的穆斯林初创企业取代，对生产率和增长产生负面影响。
Turkey imposed a controversial tax on wealth to finance the army in 1942. This tax was arbitrarily assessed and fell disproportionately on non-Muslim minorities. We study the heterogeneous impact of this tax on firms by assembling a new dataset of all enterprises in Istanbul between 1926 and 1950. We find that the tax led to the liquidation of non-Muslim-owned firms, which were older and more productive, reduced the formation of new businesses with non-Muslim owners, and replaced them with frailer Muslim-owned startups. The tax helped “nationalize” the Turkish economy, but had negative implications for productivity and growth.