Changes in Workplace Heterogeneity and How They Widen the Gender Wage Gap
利用西德雇主-雇员匹配数据，研究发现企业间工资差异扩大是1990年代以来性别工资趋同放缓的关键原因，高工资企业男性占比更高且男性企业溢价增长更快，工会覆盖率下降和集体谈判中企业特定工资设定加剧了这一趋势。
Using linked employer-employee data for West Germany, I investigate the role of growing wage differentials between firms in the slowdown of gender wage convergence since the 1990s. The results show that two factors are at play: first, high-wage firms experience higher wage growth and employ disproportionately more men, and second, male firm premiums grow faster than female premiums in the same firms. These developments were catalyzed by a decline of union coverage, coupled with more firm-specific wage setting in collective bargaining agreements. Taken together, these conditions prevented the gender gap from narrowing by approximately 15 percent between the 1990s and 2000s.