Performance Pay and Teachers' Effort, Productivity, and Grading Ethics
研究以色列英语和数学教师的个人金钱激励效果，发现现金奖励提高了学生高考参与率、通过率和平均分，且未发现教师操纵成绩的证据。
This paper presents evidence about the effect of individual monetary incentives on English and math teachers in Israel. Teachers were rewarded with cash bonuses for improving their students' performance in high-school matriculation exams. The main identification strategy is based on measurement error in the assignment to treatment variable that produced a randomized treatment sample. The incentives led to significant improvements in test taking rates, conditional pass rates, and mean test scores. Improvements were mediated through changes in teaching methods, enhanced after-school teaching, and increased responsiveness to students' needs. No evidence was found of manipulation of test scores by teachers.