Convenient primary care and emergency hospital utilisation
利用英格兰医院记录和自然实验，研究发现初级保健服务的可及性减少了急诊科就诊，其中无需预约的便捷服务分流效果是其他方面的三倍。
Participation and utilisation decisions lie at the heart of many public policy questions. I contribute new evidence by using hospital records to examine how access to primary care services affects utilisation of hospital Emergency Departments in England. Using a natural experiment in the roll out of services, I first show that access to primary care reduces Emergency Department visits. Additional strategies then allow me to separate descriptively four aspects of primary care access: proximity, opening hours, need to make an appointment, and eligibility. Convenience-oriented services divert three times as many patients from emergency visits, largely because patients can attend without appointments.