Comparative Capitalisms and Energy Transitions: Renewable Energy in the European Union
研究了欧盟27国11年数据，发现2009年欧盟指令、劳动力市场制度、股市和并购活动等制度因素对可再生能源使用有显著因果影响，对政策制定者和能源经济学者有参考价值。
Abstract We develop new theory pertaining to the institutional determinants of renewable energy usage across countries and over time. Building on key strands of the comparative capitalisms literature, we introduce new hypotheses relating to the 2009 Directive from the European Union (EU) on energy generation, as well as the impact of labour market regimes, national stock markets and merger and acquisition (M&A) activity, as well as ‘doing business’ conditions across countries. Based on renewable energy data from 27 EU countries over a period of 11 years, we provide new tests of the determinants of renewable energy usage. The data show strong and robust evidence of a causal impact of institutional determinants on renewable energy usage, consistent with a positive impact of the EU's 2009 Directive and other specific institutional factors. We discuss the implications for policy and practice.