Energy Cost Pass-Through in US Manufacturing: Estimates and Implications for Carbon Taxes
研究了美国制造业能源投入成本变化如何影响生产者和消费者的相对福利，并开发了考虑不完全传导、不完全竞争和投入替代的税收归宿估算方法。
We study how changes in energy input costs for US manufacturers affect the relative welfare of manufacturing producers and consumers (i.e., incidence). We also develop a methodology to estimate the incidence of input taxes that accounts for incomplete pass-through, imperfect competition, and substitution among inputs. For the several industries we study, 70 percent of energy price-driven changes in input costs get passed through to consumers in the short to medium run. The share of the welfare cost that consumers bear is 25–75 percent smaller (and the share producers bear is larger) than models featuring complete pass-through and perfect competition would suggest.