Measuring Entrepreneurship: Do Established Metrics Capture Schumpeterian Entrepreneurship?
收集了64个国家的10种创业指标，通过因子分析发现，高影响力熊彼特式创业与小型商业活动由两个不同因子解释，且多数数量型指标不适合衡量高影响力创业。
We compile four hand-collected measures of high-impact Schumpeterian entrepreneurship (venture capital-funded IPOs, self-made billionaire entrepreneurs, unicorn start-ups, and young top global firms founded by individual entrepreneurs) and six measures dominated by small business activity as well as institutional and economic variables for 64 countries. Factor analysis reveals that a great deal of the variation is accounted for by two distinct factors: one relating to high-impact Schumpeterian entrepreneurship and the other relating to small business activity. Except for the World Bank measure of firm registration of limited liability companies, quantity-based measures tend to be inappropriate proxies for high-impact Schumpeterian entrepreneurship.