Only When Others Are Watching: The Contingent Efforts of High Status Group Members
研究发现在团队任务中，高地位成员是否更努力取决于其努力是否被他人看到；当任务可见性高时，地位越高的人越努力，反之则无此关系。
This research examines how an individual’s place in the status hierarchy affects their willingness to expend effort on group tasks, why this occurs, and a contingency governing this relationship. Among firefighter teams (Study 1), MBA student workgroups (Study 2), and undergraduates in the laboratory (Study 3), we find that the relationship between status and effort, through performance expectations, is contingent on the perceived visibility of one’s efforts (i.e., task visibility). When task visibility is high, greater status leads to higher performance expectations. When task visibility is low or absent, this relationship was not present. Overall, our findings help paint a more complete picture of the relationship between status, performance expectations, and effort in workgroups while also furthering our understanding of the psychological experience of status. Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3103 . This paper was accepted by Greta Hsu, organizations.