Measuring sustainability efficiency at farm level: a data envelopment analysis approach
构建了一个包含农业产出、环境（氮和农药）污染和社会产出的三子系统随机生产技术模型，并用数据包络分析（DEA）方法评估加泰罗尼亚农场的可持续性效率，发现农场技术和社会表现较好但环境表现较差。
Sound implementation of sustainability practices requires appropriate tools to measure farms’ successes in achieving policy goals. This paper models farms’ stochastic production technology as the interaction of three main types of sub-technologies that govern, respectively, the production of agricultural commodities, environmental (nitrogen and pesticide) pollution and social outputs of agricultural activities. The model is empirically implemented through a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model accounting for production risk through a state-contingent approach. The application for Catalan arable crop farms shows that, on average, farms display high technical and social performance and relatively poor environmental performance.