The Philippines’ Roll-on/Roll-off Policy and its Impact on Household Income
研究了菲律宾滚装船政策对港口附近家庭收入的影响，发现该政策通过增加农业资产净收益和国内收入提高了农业家庭收入，通过增加农产品净收益、国外汇款和租金收入提高了非农业家庭收入。
Our paper captures the immediate impact of the Roll-on/Roll-off policy that offered an alternative system of inter-island transfer within the Philippines. It provides evidence on the effect of the policy on the income of households, by exploiting the timing of the operations of the Ro-Ro ports included in the nautical highways. Using nationally-representative data, we compare the incomes of households that are located near the Ro-Ro ports against the income of households that are located near the non-Ro-Ro ports, before and after the policy implementation. Our results generally suggest that households located near the Ro-Ro ports benefitted from higher income after policy implementation. We distinguished between agricultural households and non-agricultural households, and find that the increase in income for agricultural households located near the Ro-Ro ports was driven by the improved net share from agricultural assets, and higher receipts from domestic sources; while the increase in income for nonagricultural households located near the Ro-Ro ports was driven by the higher net share of agricultural produce, higher receipts from abroad, and higher income from rental of properties. The Ro-Ro policy was favorable for households located near the Ro-Ro ports as it induced numerous income opportunities that resulted to income diversification.