Women and Power: Unpopular, Unwilling, or Held Back? A Comment
利用西班牙的平等法，研究政党领导人与选民之间的代理问题，发现女性配额并未损害选举结果，反而略有改善，表明代理问题阻碍了女性在政治机构中的代表性。
We use Spain’s Equality Law to test for the existence of agency problems between party leaders and their constituents. The law mandates a 40 percent female quota on electoral lists in towns with populations above 5,000. Using pre- and postquota data by party and municipality, we implement a triple-difference design. We find that female quotas resulted in slightly better electoral results for the parties that were most affected by the quota. Our evidence shows that party leaders were not maximizing electoral results prior to the quota, suggesting the existence of agency problems that hinder female representation in political institutions. \n \n