Non-tariff measures, quality and exporting: evidence from microdata in food processing in Ukraine
研究了非关税措施如何通过影响生产成本和需求，对乌克兰食品加工企业的出口质量产生复杂作用，发现上游行业的SPS法规能提升出口质量，而强制认证则因限制技术获取而降低质量。
Abstract Domestic non-tariff measures (NTM) influence firm’s production and import decisions. We introduce NTMs into a model with heterogeneous firms. NTMs increase the cost of production and play a role of a positive demand shifter. Interplay of these two factors leads to ambiguous impact of NTMs on extensive and intensive margins of trade. We test predictions of the model by looking at food-processing firms in Ukraine in 2008–2013. Evidence shows that more SPS regulations on inputs in upstream industries lead to exports of better quality products. At the same time, mandatory certifications have a negative impact on quality by limiting access of domestic firms to new technologies and equipment.