Social support and turnover among entry‐level service employees: Differentiating type, source, and basis of attachment
研究社会支持的类型（情感或工具）、来源（同事或主管）和依附基础（情感承诺和成员依附）如何影响入门级服务员工的离职，发现同事情感支持直接降低离职，工具支持直接增加离职，主管支持通过情感承诺间接影响离职。
Abstract Previous research on social support and turnover has yielded mixed results. To advance research in a more comprehensive manner, the present study examined how turnover is influenced by type of support ( emotional or instrumental ), source of support ( coworker or supervisor ), and basis of attachment ( affective commitment and constituent attachment as mediators). In the context of entry‐level service employees, these relationships were examined with a sample of restaurant servers company‐wide from a casual dining restaurant chain in the USA. Coworker emotional support was directly and negatively related to turnover, and coworker instrumental support was directly and positively related to turnover. Furthermore, supervisor emotional support and instrumental support were indirectly related to turnover through affective commitment. When the mediators were considered independently, coworker and supervisor emotional support were both indirectly related to turnover through constituent attachment.