Welfare and Trade Effects of International Environmental Agreements
在N国Q商品自由贸易一般均衡框架下，分析国际环境协定对参与国和非参与国的福利影响，发现贸易条件效应导致两者福利变化呈负相关，但全球整体福利并非零和。
Abstract We analyse the welfare effects of environmental policy arising from the formation of an international environmental agreement on the participating and non-participating countries and thus shed light on the potential incentives for a country to join such an agreement. Within a N -country Q -goods general equilibrium framework under free-trade conditions, we consider unilateral and cooperative policy settings and, within the latter, country-specific and fully harmonized policies within the agreement. A key result of the paper is the emergence of a negative relationship, arising from terms of trade effects, between the welfare changes of the participating and non-participating countries following the formation of the agreement. These however do not result in a zero sum welfare outcome for the world as a whole.