Inheritance Law Reform, Empowerment, and Human Capital Accumulation: Second-Generation Effects from India
研究印度1994年《印度教继承法》改革对女性赋权的第一代和第二代影响，发现改革提高了女性教育、资产和生存率，且第二代教育效应更强，表明赋权效果持续。
Although many studies point towards significant positive impacts of Hindu Succession Act (HSA) reforms on females’ empowerment and access to human and physical capital, the fact that this reform also led to increased female mortality raises questions about long-term sustainability of reform effects. We use evidence from three states, one of which amended the HSA in 1994, to assess first- and second-generation effects of this reform using a triple-difference strategy. First-generation effects include greater likelihood of completing primary education, more assets brought into marriage, improved access to bank accounts, a lower share of female births, and higher female survival rates. Second-generation effects on education, time use, and health are robust and point estimates of education are larger than first-generation ones even after mothers’ endowments are controlled for, pointing to a sizeable and sustained empowerment effect.