Rational Fouls? Loss aversion on organizational and individual goals influence decision quality
研究在足球比赛中，组织目标和个人目标如何通过损失框架影响决策质量，发现犯规行为总体理性，但损失框架下理性程度降低，符合前景理论预测。
When organizational tasks require accurate decision-making, it is of interest to examine the quality of decisions in general, and specifically the conditions under which it deteriorates. Many important decisions are made by individuals at work who are hired to pursue organizational goals but also have individual goals, but the potential effects of having two goal sets has not seen enough theoretical and empirical treatment. We are particularly interested in the effects of organizational and individual goals leading to loss framing in decision-making, and in their interaction. We take predictions on loss aversion that have been explored most extensively in experimental studies and investigate them in a high-stakes field context involving organizations: football (soccer) in a European top division. We show that fouls (destructive play) are made rationally overall, and with reductions in rationality that follow the predictions of prospect theory. We show that the main mechanism behind the findings is that decision-making in a loss frame is less sensitive to cost/benefit calculations.