Network Externalities and Royalty Licensing
比较了网络行业中按单位产量和按销售额收取专利许可费的机制，发现网络效应足够强时，按单位收费可能优于按销售额收费，这对网络企业选择许可方式有参考价值。
We compare the licensing mechanism of per-unit and ad valorem royalties in network industries. It is shown that the standard finding that an internal patentee always prefers an ad valorem royalty to a per-unit royalty may reverse by considering the network effect. When the network effect is sufficiently intense, a per-unit royalty may be superior to an ad valorem royalty. This finding is meaningful for the firms in network industries to reconsider how to use royalty licensing.