Cross-racial envy and underinvestment in South African partnerships
通过信任游戏实验，研究南非收入与种族异质性对合作的影响，发现低收入者（无论种族）对高收入外种族伙伴的投资显著更少，归因于跨种族嫉妒，可能导致效率损失。
Trust games are employed to investigate the effect of heterogeneity in income and race on cooperation in South Africa. The amount of socio-economic information available to the subjects about their counterparts is varied. No significant behavioural differences are observed when no such information is provided. However, when the information is available, it significantly affects individual trust behaviour. The low income subjects from both racial groups invest significantly less in partnerships with the high income subjects of the other racial group than in any other partnership. We attribute this behaviour to cross-racial envy, which on aggregate may lead to substantial efficiency losses. Copyright The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Cambridge Political Economy Society. All rights reserved., Oxford University Press.