STICKY PRICES AND COSTLY CREDIT
将货币与信贷作为竞争性支付工具建模，解释微观价格变动、现金与信贷份额及宏观货币利率相关性，并分析通胀对福利、价格离散和加成率的影响。
Abstract We develop a theory of money and credit as competing payment instruments, then put it to work in applications. Agents use cash and credit because the former (latter) is subject to the inflation tax (transaction costs). Frictions that make the choice of payment method interesting also imply equilibrium price dispersion. We derive closed‐form solutions for money demand, and show how to simultaneously account for the price‐change facts, cash–credit shares in micro data, and money‐interest correlations in macro data. The effects of inflation on welfare, price dispersion and markups are discussed, as are nonstationary equilibria with dynamics in the price distribution.