Tourism Flows to Japan: Its Determinants and Its Impacts on the Japanese Economy
利用引力模型和面板数据，分析了日本国际旅游流的决定因素，发现来源国收入和双边签证制度是关键；基于结构VAR模型，旅游对日本产出有提振作用。
This paper analyses the determinants of international tourism, which has increased rapidly in Japan, and its impacts on the economy. The empirical evidence, based on a gravity model using international panel data, provides the robust facts for understanding the international tourism flows. It indicates that income of the origin（importing）country is a major determinant of tourism flows, suggesting that growing Asian neighbours contributed to the recent increase in tourism flows to Japan, while bilateral visa regimes had also an important role for tourism arrivals. In addition, the result, based on a structural VAR model consisting of output, real exchange rate and tourism flows, implies that the tourism is important to help boost Japanʼs output.