Supporting innovation against the threat of antibiotic resistance: Exploring the impact of public incentives on firm performance and entrepreneurial orientation
利用创业导向框架和蒙特卡洛模拟，分析多种公共激励对制药企业创新性的影响，发现激励效果因企业规模和研发阶段而异，为政策制定者和管理者提供参考。
Although there is an urgent need to find new antibiotics to fight growing antibiotic resistance, the development of antibiotics is at its lowest level ever. This innovation drought in the antibiotics industry is a challenge for managers, policy makers, and public health authorities. Currently, several strategies to incentivize antibiotic innovation are being considered, but their effects are unknown. Using the theoretical lens of the entrepreneurial orientation framework and Monte Carlo-based simulations on state-of-the-art pharmaceutical industry data, this study found that several incentives can increase the innovativeness of firms in this industry. However, the results show that these effects vary between incentives, between large and small firms, and across different research and development stages. This study analyzed these findings in the light of the entrepreneurial orientation framework and presents implications for theory, policy makers, and managers.