Who Benefited from Industrialization? The Local Effects of Hydropower Technology Adoption in Norway
利用19世纪末20世纪初挪威水电技术突破作为准自然实验，研究发现水电设施建设加速了当地结构转型和职业流动，表明早期技术偏向技能，新技能岗位从广泛人群中招募。
This paper studies the impact of the construction of hydropower facilities on labor market outcomes in Norway at the turn of the twentieth century (1891–1920). The sudden breakthrough in hydropower technology provides a quasi-experimental setting, as not all municipalities had suitable natural endowments and the possible production sites were often located in remote areas. We find that hydropower municipalities experienced faster structural transformation and displayed higher occupational mobility. We interpret this as evidence that this early twentieth-century technology was skill biased, as workers in the new skilled jobs were recruited from a broad segment of the population.