The geography of unsheltered homelessness in the city: Evidence from “311” calls in New York
利用纽约市“311”电话数据，首次详细揭示无家可归者露宿街头的市内分布，发现中心区位和社区中位收入是主要影响因素，且警方响应速度因社区富裕程度和中心性而异。
Abstract We provide the first detailed evidence on the distribution of unsheltered homelessness within the city. We rely on “311” call data reporting unsheltered homeless individuals to New York City authorities, based on evidence that the distribution of calls reflects their actual locations. Centrality dominates an otherwise important role of median income in explaining variation in unsheltered homelessness across neighborhoods. Subway stations and restaurants are important as well. We also find that police respond more quickly to calls in more affluent and central neighborhoods. This suggests that the distribution of homelessness across neighborhoods could affect the city's overall response.