Illusory Gains from Chile's Targeted School Voucher Experiment
研究了智利2008年定向代金券项目对弱势学生成绩的影响，发现虽然成绩提升超过0.2个标准差，但资源增加和学校竞争效应很小，质疑项目对成绩收敛的实际贡献。
Abstract Chile implemented a targeted voucher programme in 2008 that increased funding for disadvantaged students at public and participating private schools by approximately 50%. This reform would be expected to raise average achievement in participating schools and to reduce the achievement gap related to socioeconomic status, and disadvantaged students did make fourth-grade test-score gains exceeding 0.2 standard deviations that other studies have attributed to the programme. However, we find only small increases in resources and school-switching and little evidence of competition-driven improvement, but a closing of the parental education and income gaps, raising doubts that the programme accounts for much of this convergence.