Violence and Financial Decisions: Evidence from Mobile Money in Afghanistan
研究暴力如何减少阿富汗移动货币的采用和使用，通过交易日志、实地实验和调查数据发现，暴力预期促使用户持有更多现金，阻碍正规金融系统发展。
Abstract We provide evidence that violence reduces the adoption and use of mobile money in three separate empirical settings in Afghanistan. First, analyzing nationwide mobile money transaction logs, we find that users exposed to violence reduce use of mobile money. Second, using panel survey data from a field experiment, we show that subjects expecting violence are significantly less likely to respond to random inducements to use mobile money. Finally, analyzing nationwide financial survey data, we find that individuals expecting violence hold more cash. Collectively, this evidence suggests that violence can impede the growth of formal financial systems.