Using Outliers for Theory Building
异常值因违背预期因果关系而成为理论构建的候选对象，但多数研究者将其视为干扰并排除。本文分析1993至2012年六本顶级管理期刊发现，仅两篇文章利用异常值发展理论，不足5%提及它们。为此，为实证研究者提供了利用异常值进行理论构建的路线图。
Outliers are promising candidates for theory building because they defy expected cause-and-effect relationships. Nonetheless, researchers often treat them as a nuisance and exclude them from further study. In fact, our analysis founds only two article using outliers for theory development in all quantitative articles published from 1993 to 2012 in six major management journals, and less than 5% cared to even mention them (relaying reasons for deleting them, mostly). To rectify this, we provide a roadmap for empirical researchers interested in theory building.