Demand and supply of agricultural ES: towards benefit-based policy
研究了芬兰公民对农业生态系统服务的支付意愿和农民的补偿要求，发现生物多样性和水质的支付意愿和补偿要求均最高，但多数情况下农民的补偿要求高于公民的支付意愿。
Abstract In order to integrate ecosystem services (ES) in designing agri-environmental policy, we investigated both the demand for, and supply of, ES from agricultural environments in Finland. Using the discrete choice experiment method, we measured citizens’ willingness to pay (WTP) for four different ES and analysed farmers’ compensation request (willingness to accept [WTA]) for producing these services. Biodiversity and water quality gathered the highest WTA of farmers, but also the highest WTP of citizens. Overall, the average WTA exceeded the WTP for almost all attributes and levels, but 20–27 per cent of farmers were willing to produce the ES with the compensation lower than citizens’ WTP.