The Health Toll of Import Competition
研究进口竞争对美国工人劳动市场和健康的影响，发现进口冲击在常规任务密集型地区显著损害了工人的身心健康，并增加了制造业工人的死亡风险。
Abstract This paper assesses the effect of import competition on the labour market and health outcomes of US workers. We first show that import shocks affect employment and income, but only in areas where jobs are more intense in routine tasks. Exploiting over 40 million individual observations on health and mortality, we find that import had a detrimental effect on physical and mental health that is concentrated in those areas and exhibits strong persistence. It decreased healthcare utilisation and increased hospitalisation for a large set of conditions, more difficult to treat. The mortality hazard of workers in manufacturing increased by up to 6% per billion-dollar import increase.