On the effects of EU trade policy: agricultural tariffs still matter
利用结构引力模型的最新发展，研究了欧盟农业关税对农产品进口的影响，发现平均使国际贸易减少14%，而欧盟优惠措施则促进了约10%的贸易。
Abstract We capitalise on the latest development in the empirical structural gravity literature to examine the question of whether and how much the European Union (EU) agricultural tariffs affect agricultural imports. We capture both the protectionist and preferential nature of EU trade policies by measuring the effects of multilateral, bilateral and unilateral agreements on international trade relative to intra-EU trade. The computation of bilateral protection and preference margins is used to determine which countries/sectors are most negatively/positively affected. On average, EU agricultural tariffs have decreased international trade by 14 per cent. We also find that EU preferences have been effective in promoting trade by about 10 per cent.