Hot Temperature and High-Stakes Performance
利用美国最大公立学区学生数据，首次估计高温对高风险考试表现的影响：高温使成绩下降最多13%标准差，并持续影响高中毕业，尽管教师会通过上调分数来补偿。
Abstract Despite the prevalence of high stakes assessments – and the growing likelihood of heat exposure during such assessments – the effect of temperature on performance has not yet been studied in such settings. Using student-level administrative data for the largest public school district in the United States, I provide the first estimates of temperature's impact on high-stakes exam performance and subsequent educational attainment. Hot temperature reduces performance by up to 13 percent of a standard deviation and leads to persistent impacts on high school graduation status, despite compensatory responses by teachers who selectively upward manipulate grades after hotter exams.