A UNIFIED PRESENTATION OF COMPETITION ANALYSIS IN TWO‐SIDED MARKETS
为交易型和非交易型双边平台提供了统一的竞争政策分析量化工具，包括相关市场界定、单边效应指标和排他性行为测试，并整合了分散的文献成果。
Abstract The goal of this paper is to present quantitative tools to manage competition policy analysis in two‐sided platforms, based on a common framework for transaction and non‐transaction platforms. We explore tools for relevant market definition [Critical Loss Analysis and a small but significant non‐transitory increase in price (SSNIP) test], unilateral effects indicators [Upward Pricing Pressure (UPP) and Gross Upward Pricing Pressure Index (GUPPI)] and tests for exclusionary practices. We review dispersed results in the literature and fill the gaps where appropriate. We highlight the required changes from the usual one‐sided market framework and tools. While discussions of antitrust tools can be found in specialized forums devoted to advances in competition policy analysis, we organize the material in an integrated framework.