Class waivers to the non-manufacturer rule: Effects on small business utilization in public procurement
研究了公共采购中非制造商规则的类别豁免如何影响小企业参与，发现该豁免在低集中度和低价格通胀的行业中能提高小企业利用率。
Public procurement officials frequently purchase through indirect marketing and distribution channels, separating buyers from manufacturers. Normally to fulfill small business set-aside requirements, product manufacturers must also be a small business. When no small business manufacturers exist for a product, class waivers to the non-manufacturer rule (NMR) allow small business distributors and wholesalers to provide products that are not made by small businesses. This study models the effectiveness of class NMR waivers for increasing small business utilization. A time series panel found that NMR waivers increased small business utilization in industries characterized by low levels of firm concentration and price inflation.