Union Density Effects on Productivity and Wages
利用挪威工会成员税收减免政策变化，识别企业层面工会密度变化对生产率和工资的影响，发现工会密度提高会显著提升两者，且工资效应在生产率更高的企业中更大。
Abstract We exploit changes in tax subsidies for union members in Norway to identify the effects of changes in firm-level union density on productivity and wages. Increased deductions in taxable income for union members led to higher membership rates and contributed to a lower decline in union membership rates over time in Norway. Accounting for selection effects and the potential endogeneity of unionisation, the results show that increasing union density at the firm level leads to a substantial increase in both productivity and wages. The wage effect is larger in more productive firms, consistent with rent-sharing models.