The Economic Effects of Multiple Unionism: Evidence from the 1984 Workplace Industrial Relations Survey
利用1984年英国工作场所调查数据，研究了同一工作场所存在多个工会对工资、生产率等经济指标的影响，发现多重工会与更高工资和更低生产率相关。
Stephen Machin, Mark Stewart, John Van Reenen, The Economic Effects of Multiple Unionism: Evidence from the 1984 Workplace Industrial Relations Survey, The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Vol. 95, No. 3 (Sep., 1993), pp. 279-296