Any Willing Provider and Negotiated Retail Pharmaceutical Prices*
研究任何愿意提供者法规对保险公司与药店协商药品价格的影响，利用缅因州法规变化和保险索赔数据，发现该法规导致药品价格上涨，因为它削弱了保险公司引导需求的能力。
Any Willing Provider (AWP) regulations require insurers to allow health care providers network membership, eliminating an insurer’s ability to commit to a limited network of providers. We study the effect of AWP on prices negotiated between insurers and providers by exploiting the introduction of a regulation targeting retail pharmacies in the state of Maine. Using insurance claim level data and across state variation in exposure to the regulation, we estimate increases in negotiated pharmaceutical prices. Our results are consistent with AWP regulations’ reducing competition by inhibiting the ability of insurers to move demand across competing pharmacies.