Women, War, and Wages: The Effect of Female Labor Supply on the Wage Structure at Midcentury
利用二战动员作为自然实验，研究女性劳动力供给增加对工资结构的影响，发现女性与高中学历男性替代性更强，降低了男女工资并加剧了教育群体间的收入不平等。
We exploit the military mobilization for World War II to investigate the effects of female labor supply on the wage structure. The mobilization drew many women into the workforce permanently. But the impact was not uniform across states. In states with greater mobilization of men, women worked more after the war and in 1950, though not in 1940. These induced shifts in female labor supply lowered female and male wages and increased earnings inequality between high school– and college‐educated men. It appears that at midcentury, women were closer substitutes for high school men than for those with lower skills.