What Works? A Meta Analysis of Recent Active Labor Market Program Evaluations
汇总了200多项关于积极劳动力市场计划的研究，发现这些计划在短期内平均效果接近零，但2-3年后效果转为正面，且对女性和长期失业者效果更大，经济衰退时更可能有效。
We summarize the estimates from over 200 recent studies of active labor market programs. We classify the estimates by type of program and participant group, and distinguish between three different post-program time horizons. Using regression models for the estimated program effect (for studies that model the probability of employment) and for the sign and significance of the estimated effect (for all the studies in our sample) we conclude that: (1) average impacts are close to zero in the short run, but become more positive 2–3 years after completion of the program; (2) the time profile of impacts varies by type of program, with larger average gains for programs that emphasize human capital accumulation; (3) there is systematic heterogeneity across participant groups, with larger impacts for females and participants who enter from long term unemployment; (4) active labor market programs are more likely to show positive impacts in a recession.