US Permanent Residency, Job Mobility, and Earnings
研究了美国技术工人获得永久居留权后工作流动性和收入的变化，发现流动性立即上升，男性工人收入因工作锁定下降4.7%，企业从中获得2%的剩余。
One concern regarding US immigration policies is that skilled workers on temporary visas may be bound to their employers in “indentured servitude, ” giving rise to monopsony power. I investigate this concern by estimating the effect of acquiring permanent residency on the job mobility and earnings of these workers. Using fixed effects models, I find an immediate upsurge in mobility upon permanent residency receipt, primarily driven by voluntary moving being depressed during the employer-sponsored immigration process. Job lock reduces the earnings of male workers by 4.7%, which translates to a 2% surplus for firms after extra hiring costs are subtracted.