The Making of the Modern Metropolis: Evidence from London*
利用1801-1921年伦敦的高分辨率数据，研究蒸汽铁路发明如何首次大规模分离工作地与居住地，并量化铁路网络对人口、土地价值和通勤的影响。
Abstract Using newly constructed spatially disaggregated data for London from 1801 to 1921, we show that the invention of the steam railway led to the first large-scale separation of workplace and residence. We show that a class of quantitative urban models is remarkably successful in explaining this reorganization of economic activity. We structurally estimate one of the models in this class and find substantial agglomeration forces in both production and residence. In counterfactuals, we find that removing the whole railway network reduces the population and the value of land and buildings in London by up to 51.5% and 53.3% respectively, and decreases net commuting into the historical center of London by more than 300,000 workers.