Transformational Leader or Narcissist? How Grandiose Narcissists Can Create and Destroy Organizations and Institutions
梳理自恋文献，指出变革型领导与自大自恋高度重叠，强调需区分真正的变革型领导与伪变革型候选人，对组织选拔领导者有警示意义。
Transformational leaders challenge the status quo, provide a vision of a promising future, and motivate and inspire their followers to join in the pursuit of a better world. But many of these leaders also fit the American Psychiatric Association classification for narcissistic personality disorder. They are grandiose, entitled, self-confident, risk seeking, manipulative, and hostile. This article reviews the literature on narcissism and shows how what we think of as transformational leadership overlaps substantially with grandiose narcissism. As grandiose narcissists can appear as transformational leaders, it is important to distinguish between what leadership scholars have characterized as “transformational” and these “pseudo-transformational” candidates.