Preserving Slave Families for Profit: Traders' Incentives and Pricing in the New Orleans Slave Market
研究了新奥尔良奴隶市场中奴隶家庭折扣的决定因素，发现家庭折扣并非源于规模效应或法律限制，而是因为卖家发现保留家庭（尤其是包含弱势成员的家庭）有利可图。
We investigate determinants of slave family discounts in the New Orleans slave market. We find large price discounts for families unrelated to scale effects, childcare costs, legal restrictions, or transport costs. We posit that because family members voluntarily cared for each other, sellers sometimes found it advantageous to keep families together (when families included needy or dependent members). Evidence from ship manifests carrying slaves for sale in New Orleans provides direct evidence for selectivity bias in explaining slave family discounts. Children likely to have been shipped with their mothers are 1 to 2 inches shorter than other children.