Race Discrimination: An Economic Perspective
回顾了劳动市场和刑事司法系统中种族歧视的实证文献，讨论了基于偏好和统计歧视的理论模型，并指出经济学家忽视了差距与歧视之间的自我强化关系。
We review the empirical literature in economics on discrimination in the labor market and criminal justice system, focusing primarily on discrimination by race. We then discuss theoretical models of taste-based discrimination, particularly models of frictional labor markets and models of statistical discrimination, including recent work on invalid statistical discrimination. We explore and evaluate the evidence for and against these theories. Although there is substantial evidence of the existence of discrimination, little is known about the extent to which disparities are driven by discrimination. Finally, we argue that economists miss the important self-enforcing relationship between disparities and discrimination and the effect of disparities in one domain on discrimination in other domains.