The Long and Short of the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement
利用加拿大-美国自由贸易协定，研究关税削减对加拿大工业的影响：加拿大关税削减导致低生产率工厂收缩，就业减少12%，但行业劳动生产率提高15%；美国关税削减使工厂劳动生产率飙升14%。
The Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement provides a unique window onto the effects of a reciprocal trade agreement on an industrialized economy (Canada). For industries that experienced the deepest Canadian tariff cuts, the contraction of low-productivity plants reduced employment by 12 percent while raising industry-level labor productivity by 15 percent. For industries that experienced the largest U.S. tariff cuts, plant-level labor productivity soared by 14 percent. These results highlight the conflict between those who bore the short-run adjustment costs (displaced workers and struggling plants) and those who are garnering the long-run gains (consumers and efficient plants).